Shielded-Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) is one of the oldest, simplest, and most
versatile arc welding processes. The arc is generated by touching the tip of a
coated electrode to the workpiece and withdrawing it quickly to an appropriate
distance to maintain the arc. The heat generated melts a portion of the
electrode tip, its coating, and the base metal in the immediate area. The weld forms
out of the alloy of these materials as they solidify in the weld area. Slag
formed to protect the weld against forming oxides, nitrides, and inclusions must
be removed after each pass to ensure a good weld.
The SMAW process has the advantage of being relatively simple, only requiring a power supply, power cables, and electrode holder. It is commonly used in construction, shipbuilding, and pipeline work, especially in remote locations.
